WO2012085860A1 - Steam delivery system for biomass processing - Google Patents

Steam delivery system for biomass processing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012085860A1
WO2012085860A1 PCT/IB2011/055852 IB2011055852W WO2012085860A1 WO 2012085860 A1 WO2012085860 A1 WO 2012085860A1 IB 2011055852 W IB2011055852 W IB 2011055852W WO 2012085860 A1 WO2012085860 A1 WO 2012085860A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
bar
heating
biomass
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/055852
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henrik Boye LARSEN
Henning Andersen
Original Assignee
Inbicon A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inbicon A/S filed Critical Inbicon A/S
Priority to CN2011800617862A priority Critical patent/CN103339237A/en
Priority to CA2822423A priority patent/CA2822423A1/en
Priority to US13/996,011 priority patent/US20130269631A1/en
Priority to BR112013015640A priority patent/BR112013015640A2/en
Priority to EP11811158.2A priority patent/EP2655567A1/en
Publication of WO2012085860A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012085860A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/08—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to delivery of steam produced by an electrical power generation plant to a lignocellulosic biomass refinery.
  • second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass such as crop wastes (stalks, cobs, pits, stems, shells, husks, etc.), grasses, straws, wood chips, waste paper and the like.
  • fermentable 6-carbon sugars, and potentially fermentable 5-carbon sugars are liberated from biomass polysaccharide polymer chains by enzymatic hydrolysis or, in some cases, by pure chemical hydrolysis.
  • the fermentable sugars obtained from biomass conversion can be used to produce fuel ethanol or, alternatively, other fuels such as butanol, or lactic acid monomers for use in synthesis of bioplastics, or many other products.
  • hydrothermal pretreatments are especially attractive. These utilize pressurized steam/liquid hot water at temperatures on the order of 160 - 230 o C to gently melt hydrophobic lignin that is intricately associated with cellulose strands, to solubilize a major component of hemicellulose, rich in 5 carbon sugars, and to disrupt cellulose strands so as to improve accessibility to productive enzyme binding. Hydrothermal pretreatment does not require any added industrial chemicals and can be conveniently integrated with existing coal- and biomass-fired electrical power generation plants to efficiently utilize turbine steam and "excess" power production capacity.
  • steam supply for the biomass refinery is produced first by pressurizing comparatively low temperature water ( ⁇ 100 o C) to a desired final pressure then heating the pressurized water to a final steam temperature by means of a series of heat exchangers fed by turbine steam.
  • Power generation plants are typically configured so as to provide discrete extraction points where turbine steam may be extracted for other purposes. However these extraction points typically extract steam having a definite pressure. It can occur that a power generation plant is configured to provide extraction steam at pressures that do not correspond to the steam pressure requirements of the biomass refinery. Accordingly, where steam is provided directly by the power generation plant to the biomass refinery, there can often be
  • At least one compressor for pressurizing low temperature water to pressures of at least 5 bar
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of one preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • Two separate pre-heating trains are used to provide steam at two different final pressures of 10 and 20 bar.
  • a compressor (1 ) compresses low temperature water to a final pressure of 10 bar.
  • compressed low temperature water is then heated by series of three counter-current heat exchangers (2) supplied with heat by extracted turbine steam (3) from an associated power generation plant.
  • the pre-heated, pressurized water is then conveyed as steam to biomass processing devices such as distillation units, dryers and evaporators by means of steam pipeline (4).
  • biomass processing devices such as distillation units, dryers and evaporators by means of steam pipeline (4).
  • a compressor (5) compresses low temperature water to a final pressure of 20 bar.
  • compressed low temperature water is then heated by series of three counter-current heat exchangers (6) supplied with heat by extracted turbine steam (7) from an associated power generation plant.
  • the pre-heated, pressurized water is then conveyed as steam to biomass processing devices such as hydrothermal pretreatment reactors by means of steam pipeline (8).
  • pre-heating trains may be configured in a variety of different ways, depending on the level of turbine steam pressure that is available for extraction from the power generation plant.
  • a steam delivery system according to the invention may be used in combination with an additional heat source.
  • 10 bar steam from a pre-heating train fed by turbine steam can be further super-heated to 20 bar steam using a gas-fired boiler.
  • methane gas for such a boiler can be provided by anaerobic digestion of waste water produced by the biomass refinery.

Abstract

The present invention relates to delivery of steam produced by an electrical power generation plant to a lignocellulosic biomass refinery.

Description

Steam delivery system for biomass processing. Inventors: Henning Andersen and Henrik Boye Jorgensen Field
The field of the invention relates to delivery of steam produced by an electrical power generation plant to a lignocellulosic biomass refinery.
Background
The annual growth of plant lignocellulosic biomass on earth is of such great magnitude that biomass conversion is considered a fundamental feature of any sustainable future economy.
Accordingly, great interest has arisen in so-called "second generation" bioethanol, produced from lignocellulosic biomass such as crop wastes (stalks, cobs, pits, stems, shells, husks, etc.), grasses, straws, wood chips, waste paper and the like. In "second generation" technology, fermentable 6-carbon sugars, and potentially fermentable 5-carbon sugars, are liberated from biomass polysaccharide polymer chains by enzymatic hydrolysis or, in some cases, by pure chemical hydrolysis. The fermentable sugars obtained from biomass conversion can be used to produce fuel ethanol or, alternatively, other fuels such as butanol, or lactic acid monomers for use in synthesis of bioplastics, or many other products.
Because of limitations of its physical structure, lignocellulosic biomass cannot be effectively converted to fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis without some pretreatment process. A wide variety of different pretreatment schemes have been reported. Most rely on industrial chemicals such as ammonia, lime, or hydrosulfuric acid, or even on exotic "ionic liquids." However, from an environmental and
"renewability" perspective, hydrothermal pretreatments are especially attractive. These utilize pressurized steam/liquid hot water at temperatures on the order of 160 - 230 o C to gently melt hydrophobic lignin that is intricately associated with cellulose strands, to solubilize a major component of hemicellulose, rich in 5 carbon sugars, and to disrupt cellulose strands so as to improve accessibility to productive enzyme binding. Hydrothermal pretreatment does not require any added industrial chemicals and can be conveniently integrated with existing coal- and biomass-fired electrical power generation plants to efficiently utilize turbine steam and "excess" power production capacity.
The general principle has been previously reported that efficiency advantage can be obtained by integrating biomass processing facilities or "biorefineries" with electrical power or combined heat/power generation facilities. See J. Larsen et al. (2008), Chem. Eng. Technol. 31 (5):765; WO2007/0094631 ; WO2007/138534. The power plant supplies steam for hydrothermal pretreatment and for other biorefinery processes such as distillation, evaporation and drying, with overall savings relative to direct consumption of electrical power.
We have discovered a variety of specific methods and systems that provide further improved efficiency of steam delivery from an associated power plant to a biomass refinery. These improvements are described herein.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments
Considerable advantage can be obtained where the power plant supplies steam for biomass refinery processes indirectly through a pressurized water pre-heating train.
In preferred embodiments, steam supply for the biomass refinery is produced first by pressurizing comparatively low temperature water (< 100 o C) to a desired final pressure then heating the pressurized water to a final steam temperature by means of a series of heat exchangers fed by turbine steam.
This arrangement has several advantages compared with direct use of turbine steam as previously reported. First, because turbine steam is used only indirectly, to feed a pressurized water pre-heating train, steam delivery is not associated with any significant loss of high quality "boiler water." Boilers become quickly fouled unless high quality water is used having low content of salts and dissolved substances. The requirement for "boiler quality" water is, itself, an energy consuming process that is avoided by the steam delivery systems and methods of the invention. Second, the indirect steam delivery system is highly flexible in its steam pressure requirements. A biomass refinery powered primarily by steam typically requires steam of definite pressure. For example, hydrothermal pretreatment may requires 15 or 20 bar steam pressure, while distillation, dryers and evaporation units may require 8 or 10 bar steam pressure. For a power generation plant to be able to provide steam directly to a biomass refinery, it must be able to provide steam at an appropriate pressure. Power generation plants are typically configured so as to provide discrete extraction points where turbine steam may be extracted for other purposes. However these extraction points typically extract steam having a definite pressure. It can occur that a power generation plant is configured to provide extraction steam at pressures that do not correspond to the steam pressure requirements of the biomass refinery. Accordingly, where steam is provided directly by the power generation plant to the biomass refinery, there can often be
requirement for adjustment of steam pressure from the extraction pressure to the level required by the biomass refinery. This adjustment in steam pressure level is inevitably associated with energy costs.
Surprisingly, relative to direct use of turbine steam, the overall energy cost associated with indirect use of steam to pre-heat pressurized water is offset by the savings of process energy provided by avoiding the requirement for replenishment of high quality boiler water.
Accordingly in some embodiments the invention provides a steam delivery system for biomass processing comprising
- at least one compressor for pressurizing low temperature water to pressures of at least 5 bar
- a series of heat exchangers supplied by turbine steam from an electrical power generation plant for pre-heating pressurized low temperature water to temperatures of at least 150o C, and
- means for delivering the pre-heated, pressurized water as steam having pressure of at least 5 bar to any one or more of a hydrothermal pretreatment reactor, a distillation unit, an evaporator, or a dryer. Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of one preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention. Two separate pre-heating trains are used to provide steam at two different final pressures of 10 and 20 bar. In one train, a compressor (1 ) compresses low temperature water to a final pressure of 10 bar. The
compressed low temperature water is then heated by series of three counter-current heat exchangers (2) supplied with heat by extracted turbine steam (3) from an associated power generation plant. The pre-heated, pressurized water is then conveyed as steam to biomass processing devices such as distillation units, dryers and evaporators by means of steam pipeline (4). In a second train, a compressor (5) compresses low temperature water to a final pressure of 20 bar. The
compressed low temperature water is then heated by series of three counter-current heat exchangers (6) supplied with heat by extracted turbine steam (7) from an associated power generation plant. The pre-heated, pressurized water is then conveyed as steam to biomass processing devices such as hydrothermal pretreatment reactors by means of steam pipeline (8).
It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the pre-heating trains may be configured in a variety of different ways, depending on the level of turbine steam pressure that is available for extraction from the power generation plant. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to include a final "super-heating" step of heat exchange fed by pre-turbine boiler steam.
In some embodiments, a steam delivery system according to the invention may be used in combination with an additional heat source. For example, 10 bar steam from a pre-heating train fed by turbine steam can be further super-heated to 20 bar steam using a gas-fired boiler. In preferred embodiments, methane gas for such a boiler can be provided by anaerobic digestion of waste water produced by the biomass refinery.

Claims

Claims
1. A steam delivery system for biomass processing comprising
- at least one compressor for pressurizing low temperature water to pressures of at least 5 bar
- a series of heat exchangers supplied by turbine steam from an electrical power generation plant for pre-heating pressurized low temperature water to temperatures of at least 150o C, and
- means for delivering the pre-heated, pressurized water as steam having pressure of at least 5 bar to any one or more of a hydrothermai pretreatment reactor, a distillation unit, an evaporator, or a dryer.
2. A method for providing steam to a biomass processing facility comprising
- compressing low temperature water < 100oC to a pressure of at least 5 bar
- heating the pressurized water through a series of heat-exchangers supplied by turbine steam from an electrical power generation plant, and
- delivering the pre-heated, pressurized water as steam having pressure of at least 5 bar to any one or more of a hydrothermai pretreatment reactor, a distillation unit, an evaporator, or a dryer.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising super-heating by heat exchange with pre-turbine boiler steam.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising super-heating by a gas boiler.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein gas for the boiler is methane provided by anaerobic digestion of biomass refinery waste water.
PCT/IB2011/055852 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 Steam delivery system for biomass processing WO2012085860A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011800617862A CN103339237A (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 Steam delivery system for biomass processing
CA2822423A CA2822423A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 Steam delivery system for biomass processing
US13/996,011 US20130269631A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 Steam Delivery System for Biomass Processing
BR112013015640A BR112013015640A2 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 method for supplying steam to a lignocellulosic biomass processing facility
EP11811158.2A EP2655567A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 Steam delivery system for biomass processing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201061425251P 2010-12-21 2010-12-21
US61/425,251 2010-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012085860A1 true WO2012085860A1 (en) 2012-06-28

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US (1) US20130269631A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2655567A1 (en)
CN (1) CN103339237A (en)
BR (1) BR112013015640A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2822423A1 (en)
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CA2822423A1 (en) 2012-06-28
EP2655567A1 (en) 2013-10-30
CN103339237A (en) 2013-10-02
US20130269631A1 (en) 2013-10-17
BR112013015640A2 (en) 2016-10-11

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